- She made a cake.
Cô ấy đã làm một chiếc bánh.
- I’ve made us some coffee.
Tôi đã pha cà phê cho chúng ta
- Did you really make those trousers?
Bạn đã thực sự làm những chiếc quần này?
2: Chúng ta sử dụng ‘do’ cho các hoạt động chung. Trong trường hợp này, ‘do’ thường được dùng với ‘something’, ‘nothing’, ‘anything’ hoặc ‘everything’:
- What did you do at the weekend?
Bạn đã làm gì vào cuối tuần?
- I didn’t do anything yesterday.
Tôi đã không làm bất cứ việc gì vào ngày hôm qua.
- She’s fed up with doing everything herself. She needs some help.
Cô ấy chán ngấy với việc tự mình làm mọi thứ. Cô ấy cần giúp đỡ.
- Are you doing anything interesting during the holidays?
Bạn có làm điều gì thú vị trong những ngày nghỉ không?
3: Có rất nhiều cụm từ cố định với ‘make’ và ‘do’. Thật không may, chúng không thực sự tuân theo bất kỳ quy tắc hữu ích nào, vì vậy bạn phải học thuộc chúng.
5.2. Một số cụm từ với cấu trúc Do
Cụm từ Ngữ nghĩa Ví dụ badly làm một cách tệ She did very badly on the exam, so she’ll have to retake it. your best thực hiện tốt nhất của bạn Don’t worry about getting everything correct. Just do your best. business làm kinh doanh It’s been a pleasure doing business with you. chores làm việc vặt I have to go home and do some chores this afternoon. a course học một khóa học John has decided to do a course in computing this autumn. a crossword chơi ô chữ She sat on the sofa, doing a crossword and drinking tea. damage làm hư hại The storm has done a lot of damage to the house. the dishes / the washing up rửa bát đĩa I really hate doing the dishes. I’m hoping to buy a dishwasher this year. a drawing vẽ The little boy spent hours doing a drawing. your duty làm nhiệm vụ của bạn He has to do his duty and look after his elderly parents. an exam làm bài kiểm tra I have to do three exams and write a huge essay this term. exercise tập thể dục Julie likes doing exercise, especially running. an exercise làm bài tập The teacher asked us to do a lot of grammar exercises over the holidays someone a favour tạo ân huệ cho ai đó My friend did me a huge favour and lent me some money. the gardening làm vườn David often spends Sunday afternoons doing gardening. good làm tốt She helps homeless people and tries to do good. you good thực hiện giỏi You should eat your vegetables. They’ll do you good! your hair làm tóc Allie spends ages doing her hair in the morning. harm làm hại I spilt coffee on my suit and tried to clean it, but I did more harm than good. It looks even worse now! homework làm bài tập về nhà Have you finished doing your homework? housework làm công việc nhà Let’s do the housework quickly this morning, then we can go out for lunch. the ironing là ủi My mother listens to the radio while she does the ironing. a job làm việc I think the students did a great job with this essay. It’s excellent. the laundry / the washing giặt là / giặt He did the laundry, cleaned the house, and made dinner. your nails làm móng Jenny likes to do her nails each week. a painting sơn There was an old man sitting on the bank of the river, doing a painting. paperwork thủ tục giấy tờ Does everybody hate doing paperwork? research nghiên cứu I’m doing some research for my thesis at the moment. the shopping Mua sắm I’ll do the shopping tomorrow morning. We need milk, bread, pasta and bananas. time (= be in prison) ở trong tù He broke into a bank, was caught by the police, and now he’s doing time. well làm tốt My sister is doing well in her new job. work làm việc Unfortunately, Lucy does a lot of work at the weekends. your worst thực hiện tệ nhất của bạn I’ve bought all new winter clothes:- boots, a coat and a very warm hat. Weather, do your worst!
5.3. Một số cụm từ với cấu trúc make
Cấu trúc Ngữ nghĩa Ví dụ amends sửa đổi I’m so sorry that I upset you. How can I make amends? an appointment tạo một cuộc hẹn She had toothache, so she made an appointment with the dentist for the following day. arrangements sắp xếp Okay, so we’re going to go on holiday in September. Let’s make some arrangements. I’ll find a hotel, and you can look at flights. an attempt nỗ lực I know we might not catch the plane, but let’s at least make an attempt to be on time. believe tạo niềm tin The children’s favourite game is to make believe that they are kings and queens from long ago. certain tạo sự chắc chắn I think the café opens at six, but let’s make certain. I don’t want to be standing in the street waiting! a change tạo một sự thay đổi I’ve made some changes to the document. a choice tạo một sự lựa chọn Which job are you going to take? You need to make a choice. a comment tạo một lời bình luận My mother made a comment about my shoes. a complaint tạo một lời phàn nàn The food took so long to arrive that Julie made a complaint to the manager. a confession tạo một lời thú nhận I’d like to make a confession. I was the one who ate the last of the chocolate. a date tạo một buổi hẹn hò I’d love to see you soon. How about if we make a date for next week? a decision tạo một quyết định I’ve made my decision. I’m going to go back to university. a difference tạo một sự khác biệt Going to the gym has really made a difference to how I feel. a discovery tạo một sự khám phá When John was last in London he made a discovery – a beautiful little café in a quiet street. an effort tạo một nỗ lực You’re not trying hard enough! Make an effort! an error tạo một lỗi He made several errors on the report, and the boss told him to rewrite it. your escape tạo ra lối thoát của bạn The bank robbers took £10,000 from the safe and then made their escape. an exception tạo ra một ngoại lệ Usually the children aren’t allowed to watch TV but I made an exception today since the weather was so horrible. an excuse tạo ra một cái cớ Why was Lisa late? Did she make an excuse? a face phản ứng bằng khuôn mặt The child took a bite of the broccoli and made a face. a fire tạo lửa We put up our tent, made a fire, and had a hot drink. a fool of yourself làm điều ngu ngốc You shouldn’t sing in front of everyone! You’ll make a fool of yourself. a fortune tạo một gia tài Lucy made a fortune when she sold her company. Now she doesn’t have to work. friends kết bạn She loved university and made lots of friends. fun of tạo niềm vui về The children love to make fun of the teacher,- but only when she’s not looking. a fuss làm om sòm, ồn ào It’s okay! I’m fine, it’s just a cough. Don’t make a fuss! an impression tạo sự ấn tượng Jenny certainly made an impression last night! All my friends are asking about her. a joke tạo một trò đùa The interview was very tense at the beginning, but then John made a joke, and after that it was much more relaxed. a journey tạo một cuộc hành trình Because of the snow, try not to make any journeys which are not absolutely essential. a list tạo một danh sách First, I must make a list of all the things I need to do. a loss mất mát Their business made a loss the first year, but did much better after that. love tạo tình yêu The hero and the heroine made love in the film. a mess tạo một mớ hỗn độn What a mess you’ve made! Can’t you tidy up a bit? a mistake tạo một sai lầm She made so many mistakes in her essay that the teacher couldn’t understand it. money kiếm tiền John made a lot of money in his twenties and was able to retire at the age of 35. a move vận động Look how late it is! Let’s make a move. a noise tạo tiếng ồn Please try not to make a noise when you come home, because I’ll be asleep. an observation quan sát Could I make an observation? I don’t think some of our customers like the new adverts. an offer tạo một lời đề nghị She made an offer on a house. She’s nervous because she’ll find out today if it has been accepted, and she really wants to buy that house. a payment chi trả Hello? I’d like to make a credit card payment, please. a phone call tạo một cuộc điện thoại I’m going to go outside and make a phone call. It’s too noisy in here. plans tạo kế hoạch David is making plans to move to Paris. a point làm cho quan trọng The professor used lots of examples to make his point. a prediction dự đoán The journalist made a prediction about the economy, but in the end it wasn’t correct. a profit tạo lợi nhuận His business made a profit from the beginning. progress phát triển Finally, after being stuck in a traffic jam for an hour, we’re making some progress! We’ll arrive by 8pm. a promise tạo một lời hứa I must study hard today. I made a promise to my mum that I wouldn’t fail any more exams. a remark tạo một nhận xét John was upset because the boss made a negative remark about his work. a reservation đặt trước Could you call the restaurant and make a reservation for tonight? a scene ngắm cảnh Susie made a scene in the café when her order was wrong. She shouted at all the staff and demanded to speak to the manager. a sound tạo âm thanh Don’t make a sound! We need to be completely quiet. a speech làm một bài phát biểu The bride’s father often makes a speech at her wedding. a suggestion tạo lời đề nghị Could I make a suggestion? How about going out for dinner? sure tạo sự chắc chắn I don’t think I left the gate open, but I’m just going to go and make sure. the bed ngủ Could you please make the bed before you leave the house? Otherwise it looks so messy with the duvet and the pillows everywhere. time (=find time to do something) tìm thời gian để làm việc gì đó Everybody’s busy, but you need to make time to study. Otherwise you won’t be able to get a better job. trouble tạo rắc rối That employee is trying to make trouble. He is always telling the boss bad things about his colleagues. a visit thăm I’ll call you this afternoon.- I need to make a visit to my granny this morning. your mind up tạo tinh thần Do you want chocolate or strawberry ice cream? Make your mind up quickly! your way làm theo cách của bạn After the film, John made his way to a café, where he had two cups of coffee and some cake.
